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1. What Theories Equip Us to Develop and Deliver an Effective Speech?

• uncertainty reduction theory
• anxiety and uncertainty management theory
• social judgment theory

2. What Should the Speaker Know About the Audience?

• finding basic information: demographics and psychographics
• moving beyond the basics:
• splintered or unified group
• homogeneous or mixed role and status
• naive or sophisticated knowledge base
• culturally similar or dissimilar

3. How Can Speakers Best Use Information About Audiences to Enhance Presentations?

• tailoring the purpose
• adapting language and imagery:
• cultural exclusion and inclusive language
• adapting to audience mood, dynamics and reaction during the speech
• managing anxiety associated with audience dynamics:
•  theories of speech apprehension
• applying adult education principles

4. What Are Some Essential Responsibilities of a Speech Writer?

• researching the topic: finding accurate, current, reliable and credible information
• researching opposing views
• composing speeches for others
• learning about the speaker
• using language characteristic of the speaker(s)
• creating a user-friendly speech document
• providing cues

5. What Elements Create a Persuasive Message?

• identifying kinds of persuasive speeches
• selecting patterns for organizing persuasive speeches
• choosing persuasive tools:
• logos: using sound argument
• deduction and induction
• fallacies in reasoning
• Toulmin model
• pathos: using psychological appeal
• ethos: building intrinsic and extrinsic credibility
• considerations for using persuasive tools:
• using repetition
• being aware of timing
• integrating persuasive tools

6. What Are the Elements of Effective Persuasive Delivery?

• voice:
• varying rate, pitch, tone, pause and emphasis
• nonverbals:
• using facial expressions, gestures, body orientation, eye contact, space
• presentation aids:
• ensuring effective use of equipment
• practice:
• creating an appropriate practice regime
• venue:
• maximizing the positives and managing the negatives

7. How Can Speakers Best Respond to Hostile, Neutral and Friendly Audiences?

• responding to a hostile audience:
• acknowledging the hostility
• building credibility
• dealing with overt hostility
• responding to a neutral audience:
• acknowledging multiple perspectives
• providing convincing evidence
• responding to a friendly audience:
• affirming shared values

 8. How Can Speakers Prepare for and Manage the Question and Answer Period?

• preparing for the question and answer period:
• identifying goals
• anticipating questions
• formulating responses
• allocating sufficient time
• managing the question and answer period:
• informing the audience of the format
• ensuring audience attention
• dealing with inappropriate or incoherent questions
• ending the question and answer period:
• giving notice of closure
• ending appropriately

9. What Principles of Graphic Design Contribute to Effective Presentation Aids?

• using images, space, text and colour
• creating contrast and balance
• ensuring simplicity 

10. What Technology Can Enhance the Presentation?

• using established technology:
• slides and videotape
• cloud storage
• computer software, e.g. Powerpoint & Prezi
• video conference calls
• 3D Printing (available at the ÁñÁ«ÊÓƵ library)
• considering newer apps:
• Dropbox
• Keynote

11. How Can Presenters Prepare and Deliver Effective Group Presentations?

• identifying types of group presentations
• recognizing advantages and disadvantages of working in groups
• ensuring participation:
• acknowledging interests and area of expertise
• coordinating tasks and responsibilities
• avoiding groupthink
• using time effectively
• managing participation in the question and answer period and evaluating group presentation
• working efficiently in virtual groups using free services like Skype, Google Slides, Zoom, etc.

12. How Can Presenters be Prepared for Various Speaking Situations?

• Identifying the difference in processes for:
• narratives
• speeches about speeches
• on-camera speeches
• manuscript speeches
• Ted Talks

13. How Can Presenters Prepare and Deliver Effective Online Presentations?

• identifying types of online presentations: Facebook live events, podcasts, webinars, conference calls, etc.
• identifying reasons more and more consumers, investors, and business professionals are communicating through electronic media platforms in the 21st century.
• recognizing advantages and disadvantages of virtual presentations.
• helping audience to remain engaged.
• maintaining vocal variety so that voice doesn’t seem to be reading from a script.
• ensuring engagement:
• acknowledging interests and area of expertise
• using time effectively in online presentations.
• managing participation in live events.
• ending video or podcast so that audience responds and takes action.